fix: resolve lifecycle values from Typer context

[codeforester]

Summary

• Resolve omitted-context lifecycle lookups from the active Typer-owned Click context, including the vendored context stack.
• Preserve explicit context lookup and the outside-invocation error.
• Cover normalized lifecycle values from a nested Typer command.

Closes #356

Validation

• uv run --extra dev --extra typer --extra quality python -m pytest tests/test_typer_adapter.py tests/test_lifecycle_options.py -q
• uv run --extra dev --extra typer --extra quality python -m mypy --strict lib/python/base_cli/lifecycle_options.py
• Ruff check/format and git diff --check